Hijab and Social Cultural Factors among Urban Women of Pakistan

Authors

  • Waseem Fayyaz Assistant Professor of Psychology, Govt. Gordon College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Saima Ambreen Chairperson, Dept. of Psychology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Anila Kamal Director, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Keywords:

Hijab, Dress, Religion, Family, Identity

Abstract

This present paper is one of the rare attempts to empirically investigate social cultural factors connected with hijab in urban society of Pakistan. These factors include family dress, religious sect, geographical identity, and socioeconomic status of the hijab-wearing women. The present study is based on comparisons involving various forms of dress. Four hundred and sixty women from various parts of the country and representing other demographics participated in the study. They were required to report the information regarding the social cultural factors under investigation. The analyses included chi-square and log-linear tests. There was a significant relationship between the dress and aforementioned factors. However, among these variables, family dress was found to be the strongest correlate of the dress of the participants. These results maintain that the practices in the immediate environment of hijab wearers (such as family) tend to have a major effect on their dress code.

References

Abid, S. (2010). Religion as faith? Education purdah and modernity: An ethnographic study of Islamabad’s madrassah Jami aHafsa (Doctoral thesis). Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.

Anderson, F. T. (2005). Policing in purdah. Pakistan Journal of Women Studies: Alam-e-Niswan, 12, 51-74.

Blomfield, A. (2009, December). Al-Azhar bans niqab from schools and colleges. Newssheet, 21 (4), 2-3.

Brower, T. (2013). What's in the closet: dress and appearance codes and lessons from sexual orientation. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(5), 491 – 502. doi: 10.1108/EDI-02-2013-0006

Droogsma, R. A. (2007). Redefining hijab: American Muslim women’s standpoints on veiling. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(3), 294-319. Retrieved from http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section? content= a780589696&fulltext=713240928

Fayyaz, W., & Kamal, A. (2017). Psychosocial Factors Related to Practicing Hijab among Muslim Women in Pakistan. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 27(2), 80-101.

Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed.). London, UK: Sage.

Gökarîksel, B., & Secor, A. J. (2009). New transnational geographies of Islamism, capitalism and subjectivity: the veiling-fashion industry in Turkey. Area, 41, 6-18. doi: 10.1111/ j.1475-4762.2008.00849.x

Hammami, R. (1990). Women, the hijab and the Intifada, Middle East Report (164/165), 24-28, 71, 78. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3012687

Howell, D. C. (2007). Statistical methods for psychology (6th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Wardsworth.

Humphreys, M., & Brown, A. D. (2002). Dress and identity: A Turkish case study, Journal of Management Studies, 39(7), 927-952. Retrieved from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/search/

Huntington, S. P. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. New York: Touchstone.

Jones, E. C. (2005, March 29). Muslim girls unveil their fears. A BBC report. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ this_world/4352171.stm

Kamal, A., & Fayyaz, W (2016). Conditions of wearing Hijab and Other Forms of Dress: A Comparative Study. Pakistan Journal of Women Studies, 23(2), 94-102.

Khan, M. H. (1972).Purdah and polygamy. Peshawar, Pakistan: Nashiran-e-Ilm-o-Tariqat.

Khan, S. (February 10, 2022). The hijab controversy and what it means for women’s education. Outlook. https://www.outlookindia.com/national/the-hijab-controversy-and-what-it-means-for-women-s-education-news-121878

Kopp, H. (2005). Dress and diversity: Muslim women and Islamic dress in an immigrant/minority context. The Muslim World, 92, 59-78.

Kousar, S. (2011).Gender perspective on the institution of purdah in the campus of QAU (Quaid-e-Azam University) (Master’s thesis). Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Mumtaz, K. (1987). Women of Pakistan: Two steps forward, one step back? Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books.

Murphy, D. (2006). From Tunis to Tehran, the great veil debate. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1108/p01s04-wome.html

Murshid, T. M. (2005). Islam, sharia law, and the role of women in Muslim societies: Myths and perceptions. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies: Alam-e-Niwan, 12, 1-21.

Papanek, H. Purdah in Pakistan: Seclusion and modern occupations for women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 33(3), 517.doi: 10.2307/349849

Shah, N. M., & Bulatao, E. Q. (1981). Purdah and family planning in Pakistan. International Family Planning Perspectives, 7(1), 32-37. Retrieved fromhttp://www.jstor.org/ stable/2947702

Downloads

Published

2023-03-04

How to Cite

Fayyaz, W., Ambreen, S. ., & Kamal, A. (2023). Hijab and Social Cultural Factors among Urban Women of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 43(1), 69-79. Retrieved from https://pjss.bzu.edu.pk/index.php/pjss/article/view/1242