Investigating the Relationship between Instructional Strategies, Students’ Learning Styles and Learning Performance at Public Universities in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11471431Keywords:
Learning Style, Instructional Strategies, Learning Performance, Survey Research, Simple Linear RegressionAbstract
Purpose: This research has two main objectives: to investigate the relationship between instructional strategies, students’ learning styles, and learning performance at public universities, and to identify the preferred learning styles of male and female students in Pakistani universities.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey methodology was utilized to achieve the study objectives. Two research objectives were put forward to conduct this research. Existing research instruments on learning styles and instructional strategies were adopted to collect data. A sample of N=545 students was engaged in this research from the two public universities through purposive sampling technique. All the collected data were entered into SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics provided the base to run the stepwise simple linear regression.
Findings: The results showed a significant but weak relationship between learning style and instructional strategies. No relationship between learning style and the learning performance of students was identified. Similarly, we could not detect any relationship between instructional strategies and the learning performance of students. As for measuring students’ preferred learning styles, the reflector learning style was found to be the most preferred style by male and female students. Surprisingly, the pragmatist learning style was the least adopted style by both male and female students at higher education. These findings were discussed with existing available research.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study urges a comprehensive approach in Balochistan's secondary education, targeting regional disparities, improving teacher qualifications, refining instructional methods, and enhancing resource availability. This aims to foster positive reforms for an inclusive and technologically enriched learning environment.
References
Abari, T. (2021). Effect of guided-discovery approach on students’ academic achievement in mathematics in secondary schools in ushongo local government area, Benue. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), VI(XII), 45-47.
Adebayo, S. S., & Kolawole, C. (2016). A critique of selected instructional strategies in shigher institutions in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(7), 78-84.
Adebayo, S. S., & Kolawole, C. (2016). A critique of selected instructional strategies in shigher institutions in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(7), 78-84.
Ahmad, F., & Sari, N. I. (2019). Improvement of biology learning results through the application of problem-based instruction approach oriented think pair share learning model. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology and Education, 1(1), 88-93.
Ahmad, F., & Sari, N. I. (2019). Improvement of biology learning results through the application of problem-based instruction approach oriented think pair share learning model. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology and Education, 1(1), 88-93.
Aljaberi, N. M. (2015). University students’ learning styles and their ability to solve mathematical problems. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(4), 152-165.
Alonso-Martín, P., Cruz-Díaz, R., Granado-Alcón, C., Lago-Urbano, R., & MartínezGarcía, C. (2021). Variability of higher education students’ learning styles depends on gender, course, degree and institutional context. Sustainability, 13(4), 1-18.
Amir, R., Jelas, Z. M., & Rahman, S. (2011). Learning styles of university students: implications for teaching and learning. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(2), 22- 26.
Antlová, A. (2015). Power and education. E-Pedagogium, (4). 26-32. Retrieved from https://www.e-pedagogium.upol.cz/pdfs/epd/2015/04/04.pdf
Arif, A. (2019). The effectiveness of using multiple intelligences learning models on biology learning outcomes of class vii students in madani junior high school of Makassar. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education, 1(2), 162-166.
Bajaj, R., & Sharma, V. (2018). Smart education with artificial intelligence based determination of learning styles. Procedia Computer Science, 132, 834-842.
Barrett, J. L., Denegar, C. R., & Mazerolle, S. M. (2018). Challenges facing new educators: Expanding teaching strategies for clinical reasoning and evidence-based medicine. Athletic Training Education Journal, 13(4), 359-366.
Bhatnagar, T., & Sinha, V. (2018). Learning styles: A comparison between Indian and German business students. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 473–487
Cabi, E., & Yalcinalp, S. (2012). Lifelong learning considerations: relationship between learning styles and learning strategies in higher education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 4457-4462.
Cimermanová, I. (2018). The Effect of Learning Styles on Academic Achievement in Different Forms of Teaching. International Journal of Instruction, 11(3), 219-232.
Colson, R., & Hirumi, A. (2018). A framework for the design of online competency-based education to promote student engagement. Student Engagement and Participation: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global, 203-220
Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L. S., Miller, K., Callaghan, K., & Kestin, G. (2019). Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(39), 19251-19257.
Diaz, D. P., & Cartnal, R. B. (1999). Students' learning styles in two classes: Online distance learning and equivalent on-campus. College teaching, 47(4), 130-135.
Dobson, J. L. (2009). Learning style preferences and course performance in an undergraduate physiology class. Advances in Physiology Education, 33(4), 308- 314
Dorgu, T. E. (2015). Different teaching methods: a panacea for effective curriculum implementation in the classroom. International Journal of Secondary Education, 3(6-1), 77-87.
Entegro, E. A. (2022). Impact of virtual training on the Filipino secondary school teachers’ sense of efficacy in student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 10, 110-126.
Fahim, A., Rehman, S., Fayyaz, F., Javed, M., Alam, M. A., Rana, S., ... & Alam, M. K. (2021). Identification of preferred learning style of medical and dental students using VARK questionnaire. BioMed Research International, 2021.
Farkas, G. J., Mazurek, E., & Marone, J. R. (2015, August 24). Learning style versus time spent studying and career choice: Which is associated with success in a combined undergraduate anatomy and physiology course? Anatomical Sciences Education. Wiley. http://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1563
Ghazivakili, Z., Nia, R. N., Panahi, F., Karimi, M., Gholsorkhi, H., & Ahmadi, Z. (2014). The role of critical thinking skills and LSof university students in their academic performance. Journal of advances in medical education & professionalism, 2(3), 95.
González-Geraldo, J., Monroy, F., & Igea, B. D. (2021). Impact of a Spanish higher education teacher development programme on approaches to teaching. psychometric properties of the S-ATI-20 scale. Educación XX1, 24(1), 213-232.
Good, J. P., Ramos, D., & D’Amore, D. C. (2013). Learning style preferences and academic success of preclinical allied health students. Journal of Allied Health, 42(4), e81-e90.
Hamse, M., Lotfi, S., & Talbi, M. (2021). Identification and learning styles' variation factors for a hybrid and distance learning professional training ODL-SPOC. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 16(17), 89- 106
Haswell, J. (2017). A close look at learning styles. Honors Senior Capstone Projects.
Honey, P., & Mumford, A. (1992). The manual of learning styles (Vol. 3). Maidenhead: Peter Honey
Ibrahim, R. H., & Hussein, D. A. (2016). Assessment of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning style among undergraduate nursing students. Int J Adv Nurs Stud, 5(1), 1- 4.
Janor, H., Rahim, R. A., Rahman, A. A., Auzairy, N. A., Hashim, N. A., & Yusof, M. Z. (2013). Integrating Student-Centered Learning in Finance Courses: The Case of a Malaysian Research University. International Education Studies, 6(6), 108-123.
Kannan, B., Shanmugavelu, G., Arumugam, S., Baskaran, S. M., & Parasuraman, B. (2021). Students’ learning styles in the classroom and its importance to educators in the teaching and learning process: an overview. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal, 7(8), 64-70.
Kharb, P., Samanta, P. P., Jindal, M., & Singh, V. (2013). The learning styles and the preferred teaching–learning strategies of first year medical students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(6), 1089-1092.
Kharb, P., Samanta, P. P., Jindal, M., & Singh, V. (2013). The LSand the preferred teaching–learning strategies of first year medical students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7(6), 1089-1092.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2013). The Kolb Learning Style Inventory- Version 4.0. A Comprehensive Guide to Theory, Psychometrics.
Kotecha, D. (2019). Learning styles. InnovAit, 12(5), 276-280.
Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(3), 517-528.
Li, K. M. (2015). Learning styles and perceptions of student teachers of computer supported collaborative learning strategy using wikis. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(1), 32-50.
Mehmood, T. (2020). Teachers’ perceptions of gender differences in learning styles in Pakistan. International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies, 1(3), 35-46.
Muganga, L., & Ssenkusu, P. (2019). Teacher-centered vs. student-centered: An examination of student teachers’ perceptions about pedagogical practices at Uganda’s Makerere University. Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry, 11(2), 16-40.
Muluk, S., Habiburrahim, & Rechal, S. (2020). Students’ awareness and perception towards learning styles. Jurnal Ilmiah DIDAKTIKA, 20(2), 143-164.
Olufunminiyi, A. A. (2015). Effects of learning styles and instructional strategies on students’ achievement in Nigerian senior secondary school physics. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, 41(1), 20-29.
Padilla-Oviedo, A. A. (2015). The effects of instructional strategies, college division, and gender on students' performance in college algebra and elementary statistics and probability at a university in south Texas (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University-Kingsville).
Prins, S. C. B. (2009). Student-centered instruction in a theoretical statistics course. Journal of Statistics Education, 17(3).
Quinn, M. M., Smith, T., Kalmar, E. L., & Burgoon, J. M. (2018). What type of learner are your students? preferred learning styles of undergraduate gross anatomy students according to the index of learning styles of questionnaire. Anatomical Sciences Education, 11(4), 358-365.
Riechmann, S. W., & Grasha, A. F. (1974). A rational approach to developing and assessing the construct validity of a student learning style scales instrument. The Journal of Psychology, 87(2), 213-223.
San, P. P. (2021). A study of the preferred learning styles of postgraduate english specialization students at Yadanabon university. (Doctoral dissertation, MERAL Portal).
Sangvigit, P., Mungsing, S., & Theeraroungchaisri, A. (2012). Correlation of Honey & Mumford learning tyles and online learning media preference. International Journal of Computer Technology & Applications, 3(3), 1312-1317.
Seechaliao, T. (2017). Instructional strategies to support creativity and innovation in education. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(4), 201-208
Stankovska, G., Braha, R., & Grncharovska, S. P. (2020). Relationship between optimism pessimism, learning style and teaching style among medical students. Bulgarian Comparative Education Society
Steinmayr, R., Meibner, A., Weidinger, A. F., & Wirthwein, L. (2015). Academic Achievement. Oxford Bibliographies.
Trigwell, K., & Prosser, M. (2004). Development and use of the approaches to teaching inventory. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 409-424.
Triono, M. A., Harahap, S. C., & Sihombing, H. (2018). Identification finance students learning style through Honey and Mumford theory in disruptive era. Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science (pp. 191- 195). Science and Technology Publications.
Vizeshfar, F., & Torabizadeh, C. (2018). The effect of teaching based on dominant learning style on nursing students' academic achievement. Nurse Education in Practice, 28, 103-108
Wehbi, S. (2011). Reflections on experiential teaching methods: Linking the classroom to practice. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 31(5), 493-504.
Williams, J., & McClure, M. (2010). The effects of teaching methods in leadership knowledge retention: An experimental design of lecture, experiential, and public pedagogy. Journal of Leadership Education, 9(2), 86-100.
Yilmaz-Soylu, M., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2009). The effect of learning styles on achievement in different learning environments. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 8(4), 43-50.